Biology

Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The App Biology is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy.


Biology is the science that studies life. What exactly is life? This may sound like a silly question with an obvious answer, but it is not easy to define life. For example, a branch of biology called virology studies viruses, which exhibit some of the characteristics of living entities but lack others. It turns out that although viruses can attack living organisms, cause diseases, and even reproduce, they do not meet the criteria that biologists use to define life.

From its earliest beginnings, biology has wrestled with four questions: What are the shared properties that make something “alive”? How do those various living things function? When faced with the remarkable diversity of life, how do we organize the different kinds of organisms so that we can better understand them? And, finally—what biologists ultimately seek to understand—how did this diversity arise and how is it continuing? As new organisms are discovered every day, biologists continue to seek answers to these and other questions.


This application ( Biology ) includes a detailed explanation of the following Subjects:

1: Introduction to Biology
1.1: Themes and Concepts of Biology
1.2: The Process of Science
1.E: Introduction to Biology (Exercises)

2: Chemistry of Life
2.1: The Building Blocks of Molecules
2.2: Water
2.3: Biological Molecules
2.E: Chemistry of Life (Exercises)

3: Cell Structure and Function
3.1: How Cells Are Studied
3.2: Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
3.3: Eukaryotic Cells
3.4: The Cell Membrane
3.5: Passive Transport
3.6: Active Transport
3.E: Cell Structure and Function (Exercises)

4: How Cells Obtain Energy
4.1: Energy and Metabolism
4.2: Glycolysis
4.3: Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
4.4: Fermentation
4.5: Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways
4.E: How Cells Obtain Energy (Exercises)

5: Photosynthesis
5.1: Overview of Photosynthesis
5.2: The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis
5.3: The Calvin Cycle
5.E: Photosynthesis (Exercises)

6: Reproduction at the Cellular Level
6.1: The Genome
6.2: The Cell Cycle
6.3: Cancer and the Cell Cycle
6.4: Prokaryotic Cell Division
6.E: Reproduction at the Cellular Level (Exercises)

7: The Cellular Basis of Inheritance
7.1: Sexual Reproduction
7.2: Meiosis
7.3: Errors in Meiosis
7.E: The Cellular Basis of Inheritance (Exercises)

8: Patterns of Inheritance
8.1: Mendel’s Experiments
8.2: Laws of Inheritance
8.3: Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance
8.E: Patterns of Inheritance (Exercises)

9: Molecular Biology
9.1: The Structure of DNA
9.2: DNA Replication
9.3: Transcription
9.4: Translation
9.5: How Genes Are Regulated
9.E: Molecular Biology (Exercises)

10: Biotechnology
10.1: Cloning and Genetic Engineering
10.2: Biotechnology in Medicine and Agriculture
10.3: Genomics and Proteomics
10.E: Biotechnology (Exercises)

11: Evolution and Its Processes
11.1: Discovering How Populations Change
11.2: Mechanisms of Evolution
11.3: Evidence of Evolution
11.4: Speciation
11.5: Common Misconceptions about Evolution
11.E: Evolution and Its Processes (Exercises)

12: Diversity of Life
12.1: Organizing Life on Earth
12.2: Determining Evolutionary Relationships
12.E: Diversity of Life (Exercises)

13: Diversity of Microbes, Fungi, and Protists
13.1: Prokaryotic Diversity
13.2: Eukaryotic Origins
13.3: Protists
13.4: Fungi
13.E: Diversity of Microbes, Fungi, and Protists (Exercises)

14: Diversity of Plants
14.1: The Plant Kingdom
14.2: Seedless Plants
14.3: Seed Plants - Gymnosperms
14.4: Seed Plants - Angiosperms
14.E: Diversity of Plants (Exercises)

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Concepts in Biology.