Mathematical Symbols & Meaning

Mathematical Symbols is a clear guide to math symbols and their meaning: 301 symbols with their names, meanings, worked examples and how to read them aloud.
From + and ≠ to ∑, ∫, ∀ and ℝ, every symbol used in school and university maths is explained in plain language, offline.

Each maths symbol is shown as a real Unicode character with its code point, its name, what it means, a typeset example and how to say it out loud. Notation follows the ISO 80000-2 standard, with notes where textbooks use different conventions.

What you will learn

Getting Started
• How to Read Maths Notation: how symbols, letters, powers and indices work together
• Symbol Finder: all 301 math symbols in one list, filter by symbol, name or meaning
• Look-Alike Symbols: − and -, × and x, ∑ and Σ, ∈ and ε

Arithmetic and Equality
• Arithmetic Operations, roots and percent
• Equality and Inequality signs
• Brackets and Order of Operations

Algebra
• Powers, Roots and Logarithms, absolute value, floor and ceiling
• Functions and Mappings
• Sums and Products (sigma and pi notation)
• Divisibility and Modular Arithmetic

Geometry
• Points, Lines and Segments: rays, parallel and perpendicular
• Angles: degrees, radians, arcminutes
• Triangles, Circles and Congruence, similarity

Set Theory
• Sets and Membership, subsets
• Set Operations: union, intersection, difference and complement with Venn diagrams
• Cardinality and Infinite Sets, power sets

Logic
• Logical Connectives: not, and, or, implication and equivalence, with a truth table
• Quantifiers and Proof Symbols

Calculus and Analysis
• Limits and Sequences, asymptotic notation
• Derivatives: Leibniz, Lagrange and Newton notation, partial derivatives, gradient
• Integrals

Linear Algebra
• Vectors: norms, dot and cross products
• Matrices: transpose, inverse, determinant and eigenvalues

Probability and Statistics
• Probability, Random Variables and Distributions
• Statistics: mean, standard deviation, hypothesis tests
• Counting: Factorials and Combinations

Number Sets and Numerals
• Number Sets ℕ, ℤ, ℚ, ℝ and ℂ, Interval Notation
• Roman Numerals and Digits in other scripts

Greek Letters
• Greek Alphabet: all 24 letters with pronunciation and their common meanings in maths
• Variant Forms of Greek Letters

Constants
• Common Constants: π, e, the golden ratio φ, i, √2, Euler's constant and infinity
• π, e and φ Explained

Features
• 34 topic pages in 12 sections
• Symbol tables with name, meaning, example and how to read each symbol aloud
• A filter box on long tables: type a symbol or a word and find it at once
• Search all pages from the home screen
• 22 original drawings: Venn diagrams, angles, parallel and perpendicular lines, number lines, graphs and more
• 53 practice questions with tap-to-reveal answers
• Formulas are typeset as text, so they stay sharp at any size
• Dark mode
• Works offline, no account needed
• Available in 8 languages: English, Español, Português, Français, Deutsch, العربية, हिन्दी and Bahasa Indonesia

Who it is for
• Secondary school and university students who meet a new math symbol in a book, lecture or formula
• Teachers who want a reliable table of mathematical symbols and their meaning
• Anyone who wants to know what a maths symbol means and how to say it

Mathematical Symbols is an independent study aid. Content is checked against the ISO 80000-2 standard, the Unicode code charts, OpenStax textbooks and the NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions.

Recent changes:
Stability improvements.